Cerium oxide is a widely utilized material in diverse applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties lend to its adaptability. For instance, cerium oxide is widely utilized in catalytic converters to minimize harmful emissions from vehicles. Additionally, it finds relevance in the manufacturing of glass due to its high refractive ind

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional properties. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable reflectivity,